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2013年03月26日09:25 | 中國發展門戶網 www.chinagate.cn | 給編輯寫信 字號：T|T

（三）以保障和改善民生為重點，全面提高人民物質文化生活水平。2003年抗擊突如其來的非典疫情給我們的重要啟示之一，就是要統籌經濟社會發展。這些年我們在發展經濟的同時，更加重視保障改善民生和發展社會事業，政府工作力度之大、財政投入資金之多前所未有。經過不懈努力，我國經濟社會發展的協調性明顯增強。當前社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會矛盾明顯增多。我們必須把保障和改善民生作為政府一切工作的出發點和落腳點，放在更加突出的位置，著力加強社會建設。

千方百計擴大就業。堅持實施就業優先戰略和更加積極的就業政策，通過穩定經濟增長和調整經濟結構增加就業崗位，加強職業技能培訓，提高勞動者就業創業能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就業服務體系，鼓勵創業帶動就業，做好重點人群就業工作，促進城鄉居民收入持續穩定增長。

完善社會保障制度。堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續方針，不斷擴大社會保障覆蓋面，提高統籌層次和保障水平，加強各項制度的完善和銜接，增強公平性，適應流動性，保證可持續性。今年企業退休人員基本養老金繼續提高10%，城鄉低保和優撫對象補助標準也進一步提高。要加大對社會養老服務體系和兒童福利機構建設的支持力度。

深化醫藥衛生事業改革發展。鞏固完善基本藥物制度和基層醫療衛生機構運行新機制，加快公立醫院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。健全全民醫保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，全面開展兒童白血病等20種重大疾病保障試點工作。今年新農合和城鎮居民基本醫療保險財政補助標準由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準由25元提高到30元。

逐步完善人口政策。堅持計劃生育基本國策，適應我國人口總量和結構變動趨勢，統籌解決好人口數量、素質、結構和分布問題，促進人口長期均衡發展。重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業。

加強和創新社會管理。改進政府提供公共服務方式，加強基層社會管理和服務體系建設，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保證人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業。改革社會組織管理體制，引導社會組織健康有序發展。建立健全維護群眾權益機制，完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯動的工作體系，健全法律援助制度，推動涉法涉訴信訪工作改革，暢通和規范群眾訴求表達、利益協調、權益保障渠道，健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估和突發事件應急管理機制，維護社會公共安全，促進社會和諧穩定。食品藥品安全是人們關注的突出問題，要改革和健全食品藥品安全監管體制，加強綜合協調聯動，落實企業主體責任，嚴格從生產源頭到消費的全程監管，加快形成符合國情、科學合理的食品藥品安全體系，提升食品藥品安全保障水平。強化公共安全體系和企業安全生產基礎建設，遏制重特大安全事故。

加強房地產市場調控和保障性安居工程建設。堅決抑制投機、投資性需求，抓緊完善穩定房價工作責任制和房地產市場調控政策體系，健全房地產市場穩定健康發展長效機制。繼續抓好保障性安居工程建設和管理，讓老百姓住上放心房、滿意房。今年城鎮保障性住房基本建成470萬套、新開工630萬套，繼續推進農村危房改造。

教育和科技在現代化建設中具有基礎性、先導性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脈和人民的精神家園，必須放在更加重要的戰略位置。

繼續推進教育優先發展。目前我國年度財政性教育經費支出總額已經超過2萬億元，今后還要繼續增加，必須把這些錢用好，讓人民滿意。要進一步深化教育綜合改革，切實解決社會普遍關注的重大問題。著力推動義務教育均衡發展，加快發展現代職業教育，提高各級各類教育質量，進一步促進教育公平，為國家發展提供強大的人力資源支撐。

深化科技體制改革。推動科技與經濟緊密結合，著力構建以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系。瞄準關系全局和長遠發展的戰略必爭領域，加強基礎研究、前沿先導技術研究。健全科技資源開放共享機制，完善支持科技發展和成果應用轉化的財稅、金融、產業技術和人才政策，創造公平開放的創新環境，最大限度地調動廣大科技工作者的積極性、主動性，激發全社會的創新活力。

扎實推進文化建設。把文化改革發展納入經濟社會發展總體規劃，列入各級政府效能和領導干部政績考核體系，推動文化事業全面繁榮、文化產業快速發展。政府要履行好發展公益性文化事業的責任，加快推進重點文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服務體系。廣泛開展全民健身運動，促進群眾體育和競技體育全面發展。

大力加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育。推動誠信體系建設，以政務誠信帶動商務誠信和社會誠信，形成良好的社會風尚。

3. Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives

An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated. In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before. These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development. The structure of Chinese society, its forms of organization, and the pattern of interests in society have all undergone profound changes, and social problems have increased markedly. We must make ensuring and improving people's wellbeing the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.

We should do all we can to increase employment. We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy. We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs or start their own businesses. We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business startups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.

We should improve the social security system. We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security. We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities. This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised. Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.

We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage nongovernmental bodies to operate hospitals. We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine. We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against 20 serious diseases. (Note: They are childhood leukemia, congenital heart disease in children, uremia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, holergasia, drug-resistant tuberculosis, opportunistic AIDS and HIV infection, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cheilopalatognathus.) This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.

We should progressively improve the government population policy. We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning. In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development. We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.

We should strengthen and make innovations in social management. We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs. We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development. We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests; improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation; strengthen the system of legal assistance; and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues. We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests. We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism. The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.

Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern. We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination. We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety. We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.

We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing. We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development. We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with. This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.

Education, science and technology play a fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging. They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.

We should continue to give top priority to developing education. China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase. We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people. We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern. We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels. This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.

We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology. We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes. We should focus on priority areas of strategic importance that are vital to China's overall and long-term development, and strengthen basic research and research on frontier and leading technologies. We should improve the mechanism for openly sharing scientific and technological resources and the fiscal, taxation, banking, industrial technology and personnel policies that support scientific and technological development and industrial application of scientific and technological advances, create a fair and open environment for making innovations, keep scientists and technicians fully motivated, and unleash the creativity of the whole society.

We should effectively advance development of the cultural sector. We should incorporate reform and development of the cultural sector into general plans for economic and social development, and include them in the system for evaluating the performance of governments and officials at all levels so as to promote all-around cultural prosperity and fast development of the cultural sector. The government needs to fulfill its responsibility to develop nonprofit cultural programs, accelerate key cultural projects for the people, and improve the system of public cultural services. We should extensively carry out public fitness activities and promote comprehensive development of both recreational and competitive sports.

We should greatly increase education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal integrity. We should promote a creditability system, use political integrity to improve business and public integrity, and foster healthy social conduct.

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