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中國(guó)發(fā)展門戶網(wǎng)訊 同濟(jì)大學(xué)近日與聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署官員一同考察了柬埔寨的污水處理現(xiàn)狀,完成了《柬埔寨污水處理技術(shù)需求調(diào)研報(bào)告》,梳理了柬埔寨對(duì)市政排水管網(wǎng)等設(shè)施和技術(shù)的需求。
柬埔寨國(guó)內(nèi)的工業(yè)體系以輕工業(yè)為主,尤其是成衣制造業(yè)占據(jù)較大份額。據(jù)柬埔寨中國(guó)制衣商會(huì)介紹,柬埔寨現(xiàn)有制衣廠有550家,其中成衣水洗廠約60家,中資和港臺(tái)企業(yè)約占總數(shù)的70%。
紡織品經(jīng)過紡紗、染整、制衣多道工序的加工處理后一般都要經(jīng)過洗水處理,以達(dá)到去污、防縮、加柔、去毛或某些特殊的視覺效果,使成衣的綜合性能更接近于常態(tài),顏色更為自然。因此,洗衣廢水中含有少量的纖維屑以及大量的染料、漿料和洗衣時(shí)投加的化學(xué)助劑(洗滌劑、柔軟劑)等,如果不經(jīng)處理直接排放將給水體帶來嚴(yán)重的污染以及水體色度的增加。
隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展程度的不斷提高,柬埔寨政府和民眾對(duì)環(huán)境問題,尤其是水體污染問題日趨重視,立法不斷完善,監(jiān)管更加嚴(yán)格,強(qiáng)制要求企業(yè)必須對(duì)成產(chǎn)廢水進(jìn)行處理(表1)。因此,許多水洗企業(yè)原有的簡(jiǎn)易過濾裝置已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)行的水質(zhì)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),迫切需要引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備處理水洗廢水。
表 1柬埔寨工業(yè)廢水排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
No |
Parameters(項(xiàng)目) |
Unit (單位) |
Allowable limits for pollutant substance discharging to(限值) |
|
Protected public water area |
Public water area and sewer |
|||
1 |
Temperature |
0C |
< 45 |
< 45 |
2 |
pH |
|
6 – 9 |
5 - 9 |
3 |
BOD5 ( 5 days at 200 C ) |
mg/l |
< 30 |
< 80 |
4 |
COD |
mg/l |
< 50 |
< 100 |
5 |
Total Suspended Solids |
mg/l |
< 50 |
< 80 |
6 |
Total Dissolved Solids |
mg/l |
< 1000 |
< 2000 |
7 |
Grease and Oil |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 15 |
8 |
Detergents |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 15 |
9 |
Phenols |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.2 |
10 |
Nitrate (NO3 ) |
mg/l |
< 10 |
< 20 |
11 |
Chlorine ( free ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 2.0 |
12 |
Chloride ( ion ) |
mg/l |
< 500 |
< 700 |
13 |
Sulphate ( as SO4 ) |
mg/l |
< 300 |
< 500 |
14 |
Sulphide ( as Sulphur ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
15 |
Phosphate ( PO4 ) |
mg/l |
< 3.0 |
< 6.0 |
16 |
Cyanide ( CN ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.5 |
17 |
Barium ( Ba ) |
mg/l |
< 4.0 |
< 7.0 |
18 |
Arsenic ( As ) |
mg/l |
< 0.10 |
< 1.0 |
19 |
Tin ( Sn ) |
mg/l |
< 2.0 |
< 8.0 |
20 |
Iron ( Fe ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 20 |
21 |
Boron ( B ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 5.0 |
22 |
Manganese ( Mn ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 5.0 |
23 |
Cadmium ( Cd ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 0.5 |
24 |
Chromium ( Cr )+3 |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
25 |
Chromium ( Cr )+6 |
mg/l |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
26 |
Copper ( Cu ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
27 |
Lead ( Pb ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.0 |
28 |
Mercury (Hg ) |
mg/l |
< 0.002 |
< 0.05 |
29 |
Nickel ( Ni ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
30 |
Selenium ( Se ) |
mg/l |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
31 |
Silver ( Ag ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 0.5 |
32 |
Zinc ( Zn ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 3.0 |
33 |
Molybdenum ( Mo ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.0 |
34 |
Ammonia ( NH3 ) |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 7.0 |
35 |
DO |
mg/l |
> 2.0 |
> 1.0 |
36 |
Polychlorinated Biphenyl |
mg/l |
< 0.003 |
< 0.003 |
37 |
Calcium |
mg/l |
< 150 |
< 200 |
38 |
Magnesium |
mg/l |
< 150 |
< 200 |
39 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
mg/l |
< 3 |
< 3 |
40 |
Hexachloro benzene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |
41 |
DTT |
mg/l |
< 1.3 |
< 1.3 |
42 |
Endrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
43 |
Dieldrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
44 |
Aldrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
45 |
Isodrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
46 |
Perchloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 2.5 |
< 2.5 |
47 |
Hexachloro butadiene |
mg/l |
< 3 |
< 3 |
48 |
Chloroform |
mg/l |
< 1 |
< 1 |
49 |
1,2 Dichloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 2.5 |
< 2.5 |
50 |
Trichloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 1 |
< 1 |
51 |
Trichloro benzene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |
52 |
Hexaxhloro cyclohexene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |