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2013年01月22日17:06 | 中國發(fā)展門戶網(wǎng) www.chinagate.cn | 給編輯寫信 字號(hào)：T|T

??? 編者按：過去的一周，在惡劣的天氣條件下，北京和中、東部地區(qū)很多城市都經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染。數(shù)個(gè)空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測點(diǎn)都出現(xiàn)PM2.5爆表的情況。這種前所未有的嚴(yán)重污染引發(fā)了國內(nèi)外媒體的廣泛關(guān)注和報(bào)道，很多市民也表達(dá)了對惡劣空氣質(zhì)量的不滿。國際清潔交通委員會(huì)高級(jí)研究員Vance Wagner撰文提出，應(yīng)對霧霾天氣機(jī)動(dòng)車減排的兩大短期舉措。

國際清潔交通委員會(huì)高級(jí)研究員Vance Wagner提出，在短期內(nèi)，兩項(xiàng)舉措可以大幅改善北京乃至全國的空氣質(zhì)量。

第一，即刻出臺(tái)新的油品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和配套財(cái)稅激勵(lì)以保證硫含量低于10ppm的柴油在全國范圍內(nèi)供應(yīng)和使用。因?yàn)楦吡蛉加蜁?huì)令車輛尾氣后處理裝置“中毒”而無法正常發(fā)揮減排作用，改善油品質(zhì)量尤其是硫含量是實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的先決條件。2011年，在《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)重點(diǎn)工作的意見》中提出要運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)來加快高品質(zhì)燃油的供應(yīng)。但迄今為止，具體的激勵(lì)政策措施還未出臺(tái)。新的油品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卡在了征求意見階段，目前全國范圍的柴油硫含量仍停留在350ppm或以上。燃油硫含量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的滯后嚴(yán)重阻礙的嚴(yán)格車輛尾氣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施，成為了車輛尾氣減排的絆腳石。

第二，確保國IV重型車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能今年按時(shí)實(shí)施。中國下一階段重型車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國IV標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（相當(dāng)于歐IV）將分別減少30％和80％重型柴油車PM和NOx排放。但因必需的低硫柴油在全國范圍內(nèi)得不到供應(yīng)，環(huán)保部不得不兩次推遲了實(shí)施這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)間表。目前這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推遲到2013年7月1日實(shí)施。有關(guān)部門需要同時(shí)推進(jìn)嚴(yán)格的油品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和車輛排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

機(jī)動(dòng)車減排的中長期舉措

以上提到的短期舉措還不足以根治中國長期的機(jī)動(dòng)車排放問題。上個(gè)月，中國在《重點(diǎn)區(qū)域大氣污染防治“十二五”規(guī)劃》中提出了一系列強(qiáng)有力的區(qū)域空氣質(zhì)量改善措施。雖然規(guī)劃列出的多項(xiàng)措施較過去有了長足的進(jìn)步，但并未提出中國中長期機(jī)動(dòng)車減排的關(guān)鍵一步，即建立一個(gè)明確的引入全球最先進(jìn)車輛尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（國6或歐6）的全國性時(shí)間表 。只有實(shí)施這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，污染最嚴(yán)重的道路車輛包括重型柴油貨車和客車才能安裝上至少能減排99％顆粒物排放的顆粒物過濾裝置。

2 Steps to Control Motor Vehicle Emissions

Editor‘s notes: Earlier January, several consecutive days of smoggy weather choked Beijing’s air, as readings for PM2.5, or airborne particles measuring less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, exceeded maximum reading levels in many areas throughout the city.

Vance Wagner, a senior researcher with the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), proposed two steps in cutting vehicle emissions would make a near-term difference in improving air quality in Beijing and throughout China.

The first step is to issue new fuel quality standards with supporting fiscal policies. This will reduce nationwide diesel sulfur levels to below 10 parts-per-million (ppm).

"In 2011, China's State Council announced that preferential fiscal policies would be utilized to encourage the supply of higher quality fuels nationwide. However, these fiscal policies have not yet been issued; a new fuel quality standard is stalled in the review phase; and nationwide diesel fuel sulfur levels continue to stagnate at unacceptable levels of 350ppm or higher. Resolving the fuel quality issue is a critical step to facilitate continued progress in vehicle emission control in China," he explained.

The second step is to ensure that the IV truck and bus emission standards are implemented this year without further delays.

China's next stage nationwide tailpipe emission standard for trucks and buses, called "China IV" (equivalent to "Euro IV"), aims to cut emissions of PM and NOx from diesel vehicles by 30% and 80%, respectively. However, since these vehicles need to be fueled with higher quality fuel which is not yet supplied nationwide, introduction of these standards has been twice delayed across the country.

Wagner urged that in parallel with resolving the fuel quality issue, China should commit to introducing these standards without any additional delays.

"Until China takes critical steps towards reducing emissions, poor average air quality and occasional 'crazy bad' episodes will continue," he said.

Opinion articles reflect the views of their authors, not necessarily those of Chinagate.cn.

 

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